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P1 phage
P1 is a temperate bacteriophage (phage) that infects ''Escherichia coli'' and a some other bacteria. When undergoing a lysogenic cycle the phage genome exists as a plasmid in the bacterium unlike other phages (e.g. the lambda phage) that integrate into the host DNA.
* P1 has an icosahedral "head" containing the DNA attached to a contractile tail with six tail fibers.
The P1 phage has gained research interest because it can be used to transduce the phenotype of a target bacterium. As it replicates during its lytic cycle it captures fragments of the host chromosome. If the resulting viral particles are used to infect a different host the captured dna fragments can be integrated into the new host's genome. This method of in vivo genetic engineering was widely used for many years and is still used today, though to a lesser extent. P1 can also be used to create the P1-derived artificial chromosome cloning vector which can carry relatively large fragments of DNA. Also, P1 encodes a site-specific recombinase, Cre, that is widely used to carry out cell-specific or time-specific DNA recombination by flanking the target DNA with ''loxP'' sites.(see Cre-Lox recombination)
==Morphology==
The virion is similar in structure to the T4 phage but simpler.〔 It has an icosahedral head containing the genome attached at one vertex to the tail. The tail has a tube surrounded by a contractile sheath. It ends in a base plate with six tail fibres. The tail fibres are involved in attaching to the host and providing specificity.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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